Hyperparathyroidism

What is hyperparathyroidism?

Hyperparathyroidism is caused by overactive parathyroid glands. Parathyroid glands are tiny glands located near the thyroid. Overactive parathyroid glands produce high levels of parathyroid hormones, which, in turn, results in increased levels of calcium in the bloodstream. The excess calcium released by the bones can lead to osteoporosis and osteomalacia (both bone-weakening diseases). Another result of hyperparathyroidism is kidney stones, because of high levels of calcium excreted into the urine by the kidneys. Hyperparathyroidism is quite rare in children.

What causes hyperparathyroidism?

Causes of hyperparathyroidism include benign (noncancerous) tumors on the parathyroid glands or enlargement of the parathyroid glands.

What are symptoms of hyperparathyroidism?

The following are the most common symptoms of hyperparathyroidism in children. However, each child may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:

• Kidney pain (due to the presence of kidney stones)
• Diminished bone density that causes bone pain
• Joint aches and pains
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Fatigue
• Excessive urination
• Confusion
• Muscle weakness

The symptoms of hyperparathyroidism may resemble other conditions or medical problems. Always consult your child's doctor for a diagnosis.

How is hyperparathyroidism diagnosed?

In addition to a complete medical history and physical examination, diagnostic procedures for hyperparathyroidism may include:

• Bone X-rays. A diagnostic test which uses invisible electromagnetic energy beams to produce images of internal tissues, bones, and organs onto film.
• Laboratory tests. The tests will measure calcium and parathyroid hormone levels.

How is hyperparathyroidism treated?

Specific treatment for hyperparathyroidism will be determined by your child's doctor in consultation with you.

Considerations include:

• Your child's current health status and past health history
• Severity of the condition
• Your child's ability to take medications and tolerate medical procedures
• Expectations for the course of the disease
• Your beliefs and concerns

Treatment may include removal of parathyroid tissue.

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